by

by adv

see by, prep.

1. Near; alongside; along the same way.
2. Onward; continuing forward; on its way.
3. Past; finished; done with.
4. Aside; apart; to the side; [fig.] there; in that place; in those circumstances.
5. Coming towards, then going away from.
6. Pass; travel through.
7. Left over; to the side.
8. Phrase. “Passer by”: person who walks along the same route; one who approaches and then goes on.
9. Phrase. “By and by”: in due time; in the course of events.

by prep

OE.

1. For; according to; in the opinion of.
2. As much as; in the quantity of.
3. Using; through means of.
4. Because of; as a result of; [agent marker for passive constructions.]
5. In accordance with; in conjunction with; as a result of; on the basis of.
6. From the action of; with the agency of.
7. In increments of.
8. Employing; in use of.
9. After; following in succession.
10. Contiguous to; parallel with; in contrast with.
11. Upon.
12. In the course of; in the process of.
13. Beside; near; next to; close to; in the proximity of.
14. On; according to; as shown on.
15. Along; through.
16. In; during; at the time of.
17. Phrase. “By way of/by means of”: through; using.
18. Phrase. “By no means”: never; no way.
19. Phrase. “By far”: easily; without question.